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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

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Commission file number: 001-35955

Vuzix Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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(585) 359-5900

(Registrant’s telephone number including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None.

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ◻      No þ

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ◻      No þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ      No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ      No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ☐ No ☑      

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ◻
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity of the registrant held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2025 was approximately $189,368,000 (based on the closing price of the common stock of $2.92 per share on that date, as reported on the NASDAQ Capital Market and, for purposes of this computation only, the assumption that all of the registrant’s directors and executive officers are affiliates and that beneficial holders of 10% or more of the outstanding common stock are affiliates).

As of March 12, 2026, there were 83,158,258 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. The forward-looking statements are contained principally under the headings “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and “Business.” Forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include, but are not limited to, statements concerning:

All statements in this annual report that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements. We may, in some cases, use terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are made based on management’s beliefs, estimates and opinions on the date the statements are made, and we undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements if these beliefs, estimates and opinions or other circumstances should change, except as may be required by applicable law. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements.

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Part 1

Item 1.    Business

Company Overview

Incorporated in Delaware in 1997, Vuzix Corporation (“Vuzix” or the “Company”) designs, manufactures, and markets AI-enabled smart glasses, waveguides, and augmented reality (“AR”) display technologies. Our products and solutions support enterprise, medical, defense and security, and select consumer applications, with a focus on hands-free computing and near-eye visualization.

Our product offerings include near-eye displays, heads-up displays (“HUDs”), and wearable computing devices that provide a portable viewing experience. These smart display systems—worn like eyeglasses or attached to a head-mounted frame—may incorporate cameras, sensors, and onboard processing to enable users to view, capture, and interact with digital content, including internet-based applications, cloud-based AI assistants, and real-time AR overlays. We also offer proprietary waveguide optics and display engines designed for integration into both Vuzix-branded smart glasses and third-party original design manufacturer (“ODM”) and original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) devices.

Historically, many virtual reality (“VR”) and AR wearable displays have been larger, goggle-style headsets. Vuzix has developed thin, see-through waveguides that integrate miniature display engines into eyewear-style form factors, reducing system size and weight relative to headset designs. Certain Vuzix smart glasses are designed for extended wear and operate without external cabling or tethering to a separate computing device or battery pack.

Our waveguide optics and display engines are designed to support key attributes valued in see-through wearable displays, including high contrast and brightness for a range of lighting conditions; power efficiency intended to support longer operating time; compact, lightweight designs intended to improve comfort and usability; compatibility with prescription lens integration; and reduced forward light leakage (“eye glow”), which can be an important consideration in wearable display products.

In addition to selling Vuzix-branded smart glasses, we provide custom optical display solutions and engineering services for ODMs and OEMs. These customers may use our waveguide technology and display engines to develop integrated, AR-enabled wearable displays for commercial, industrial, defense, and consumer applications. We also maintain in-house waveguide manufacturing capabilities that can support partners seeking a production path for waveguide-based optics.

Through this ODM/OEM strategy, we offer waveguide manufacturing processes intended to support scalable production and cost-competitive configurable display engine and waveguide solutions aligned to partner requirements; and reference designs that may be adapted and branded by ODM and OEM customers.

We have built an intellectual property portfolio over more than 28 years in wearable display technology, including patents and know-how related to waveguide optics and nano-imprinting, microdisplay engine designs, AR computing interfaces, and ergonomic wearable form factors. We believe our technology and manufacturing capabilities provide competitive differentiation in high-performance wearable display solutions.

We believe compact display engines and waveguide optics are important enablers of next-generation AI- and AR-enabled smart glasses, supporting eyewear-style designs while enabling interactive and connected capabilities. Our primary growth opportunities include enterprise hands-free workflows and remote collaboration; medical use cases such as assisted visualization and telemedicine; defense and security applications including training and situational awareness; and select consumer applications.

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To support these markets, we continue to develop and expand our software ecosystem and partner network, including value-added resellers, system integrators, and application developers. We also leverage Moviynt, our internal software solutions development team, to support solution development and customer deployments.

Our History

Historically, we have served three primary markets: (i) enterprise smart glasses, (ii) rugged wearable display products for defense applications, and (iii) select consumer uses including VR, entertainment, and mobile video. We introduced our first head-mounted display (“HMD”) products more than 28 years ago and have since offered multiple product generations with progressively expanded features and capabilities across these markets. As near-eye display technology matured, we shifted our focus away from VR and video viewers toward enterprise smart glasses, leveraging our waveguide optics and available microdisplays to develop lightweight, hands-free wearable computing solutions designed for eyewear-style form factors suitable for extended wear.

Overall Strategy

Our goal is to establish and maintain a competitive position as a worldwide supplier of waveguides for AI/AR smart glasses and wearable smart displays for both our products and third-party ODMs and OEMs. We seek to advance the design of smart wearable display devices and waveguide optics that can enable hands-free enterprise productivity applications such as, “see-what-I-see” remote viewing, and AI and AR applications. We seek to generate revenue and ultimately profitable growth through the continued introduction of new technologies, including AI/AR smart glasses, waveguides and display engines, and related software applications.

To strengthen our position in wearable display products for AI/AR and hands-free computing, as well as waveguides and display engines for OEMs and ODMs, we seek to:

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We believe the continued introduction of new products and related optical components in our target markets is important to our growth. Our products tend to have life cycles of less than five years, which requires ongoing investment in research and development and next-generation product evolution. To support this work, we maintain teams of engineers, product designers, and optical specialists who work in-house and with external consultants, ODM/OEM partners, and other technology developers.

Our primary development efforts are focused on:

We expect to continue our research and development expenditures in the future and may increase them as revenues grow. In addition to in-house development, we evaluate, acquire, and license technologies that align with our roadmap.

The Market

The mobile phone has evolved into a powerful, location-aware computing device, reshaping how people interact with the world. Mobile technology is widely used in work and daily life. Continued growth in mobile computing is increasing demand for hands-free solutions. We believe interactive AI and AR content, edge computing, and the internet of things (“IoT”) will continue to influence how digital content and intelligence is delivered and experienced through head-worn displays.

Most mobile displays are direct-view screens designed to be handheld and relatively small for portability. Our products are designed to provide hands-free, virtual large-screen viewing experiences in eyewear-style form factors. These systems may be “see-through” or “see-around,” allowing users to remain aware of and interact with their surroundings, and may be monocular or binocular.

Our business has primarily focused on the enterprise, industrial, medical, and defense markets. We believe demand for head-worn displays in these markets is driven by:

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Target Markets

Vuzix develops AI- and AR-enabled smart glasses and optical components for enterprise, defense, medical, security, and select consumer applications. Our wearable computing solutions, waveguides, and display engines also support ODM and OEM partnerships, enabling third parties to incorporate our technologies into their products.

Enterprise

Vuzix smart glasses support hands-free workflows in industries such as manufacturing, logistics, and field service by enabling access to guided work instructions, remote assistance, and real-time data without requiring handheld devices. When integrated with enterprise software and connected systems, smart glasses can improve workflow execution in environments where hands-free operation supports efficiency and safety.

Defense

Vuzix designs and supplies domestically manufactured waveguides and display engines for military applications where see-through displays may be used in training, situational awareness, and mission workflows. As defense programs incorporating wearable displays progress through development and fielding phases, we believe there may be opportunities for growth in this sector.

Medical

Vuzix smart glasses can support remote collaboration, hands-free access to information, and telemedicine workflows in clinical and care settings. In certain procedures and care environments, smart glasses may also be used to support visualization, training, and remote consultation.

Security & First Responders

Law enforcement, security teams, and emergency responders may use smart glasses for hands-free access to alerts and situational information, as well as video capture and streaming. These capabilities can support operational awareness and documentation in time-sensitive environments.

Consumer

AI-enabled smart glasses may support hands-free access to functions such as language translation, navigation, health-related applications, and notifications. We believe Vuzix may participate in select consumer opportunities primarily through ODM/OEM partnerships that enable brands to introduce AI-enabled smart eyewear products.

Products

We develop, manufacture, and sell AI- and AR-enabled smart glasses, waveguide optics, and related display engines for our target markets. Our smart glasses lineup includes both monocular and binocular models intended to address a range of use cases and deployment requirements. Additionally, our waveguide optics and display engines support both Vuzix-branded products and external ODM/OEM customers.

M400 and M4000 Smart Glasses (M Series)

The M400 and M4000 are monocular Smart Glasses designed for enterprise, industrial, medical, and commercial use. The M400 features an occluded nHD OLED display, while the M4000 incorporates a see-through waveguide display to support see-through display use cases. These hands-free wearable products integrate an Android-based computing platform, voice control, high-resolution camera, audio, sensors, and wireless connectivity. Included

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apps enable video streaming, barcode scanning, and calendar integration, with optional connectors for platforms like Zoom. These Smart Glasses are used in workflows across industries such as healthcare, logistics, retail, and remote support.

Vuzix Blade® Smart Glasses

The Blade 2 combines a monocular full color waveguide display with a lightweight eyeglasses-style form factor. It features stereo audio, an autofocus HD camera, voice control, wireless connectivity, and a CPU. The see-through waveguide display projects information like a heads-up display, making it useful for applications such as messaging, notifications, navigation, work instructions, and other information overlays. The Blade OS supports voice commands and cloud-based AI platforms, allowing users to access information hands-free while keeping their phones in their pockets.

Vuzix Shield™ Smart Glasses

The Shield is our first binocular AR Smart Glasses featuring microLED displays. Designed for enterprise applications, it offers a binocular, see-through display architecture. The Shield combines Vuzix’ proprietary waveguide optics with microLED stereo displays to deliver a fully transparent, high-resolution heads-up display. Encased in lightweight, prescription-ready safety glasses, it also includes stereo HD cameras, making it a hands-free AR tool for various industries.

Vuzix Ultralite Z100 Smart Glasses

The Z100 Smart Glasses are a lightweight, enterprise-focused solution that pairs via Bluetooth with Android and iOS devices. Designed for extended wear, they provide a transparent monochrome waveguide display powered by a custom microdisplay engine. With up to a two-day extended battery life, they deliver information hands-free, support notifications and workflow information access. The Z100 also serves as a scalable white-label platform for ODM/OEM partners and enterprise customization.

Vuzix Ultralite Pro and Ultralite Audio OEM Platforms

At the CES 2025 trade show, we introduced the Ultralite Pro OEM Platform and Ultralite Audio OEM Platform, two smart glasses reference designs developed in partnership with Quanta Computer. These models expand the Company’s portfolio for ODM and OEM smart glasses customers and are intended to serve as reference platforms that may be adapted and branded by partners.

The Ultralite Pro combines dual full-color projectors with our ultra-slim binocular waveguide optics to deliver a see-through AR experience in a stylish, lightweight eyewear-style form factor. The platform supports immersive applications for hands-free productivity.

The Ultralite Audio OEM Platform builds on the Ultralite Z100 model by adding audio with integrated dual speakers and a noise-canceling microphone. Acting as an intelligent wearable accessory, it offers capabilities such as voice assistants and real-time language translation. These Smart Glasses are a lightweight, enterprise-focused solution that pairs via Bluetooth with Android and iOS devices and can provide up to two days of battery life.

LX1 Smart Glasses

The LX1 smart glasses, first introduced in December 2025, are designed for hands-free warehouse and logistics work. Featuring a monocular OLED color HD display and an 8-core processor, the LX1 supports barcode scanning and the presentation of workflow information such as pick lists, inventory data, and shipment details, including in environments where voice-driven operation may be beneficial. With voice interaction, visual guidance, multilingual onboarding, a modular mount, environmental durability features, NFC tap-to-pair, and a full-shift battery, the LX1 is

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designed for extended operation. The LX1 supports enterprise applications, including remote assistance (“see-what-I-see”) workflows, which may be used for training, quality control, and inspections.

Mobilium® Logistics Mobility Software

In 2022, we acquired Moviynt®, which is an SAP Certified ERP platform software solution provider that supports Smart Glasses and handheld mobile phones and scanners used in logistics, warehousing and manufacturing applications. Moviynt has developed a logistics mobility software platform, Mobilium®, which is designed to reduce or eliminate the need for traditional middleware and is device agnostic. The product consists of a certified SAP gateway module, iOS and Android client and mobile apps that run on a wide range of handhelds and wearables and is designed to operate without additional middleware or intermediate servers to process warehouse and logistics-related transactions such as cycle counts and picks and transfers on the shop floor.

Applications for Smart Glasses

We make available standard applications that are compatible with Vuzix Smart Glasses through device-installed software and the Vuzix App Store. Many of these applications are similar to what is available to the customer with modern smart phones. These standard applications are designed to be easy to use, and we believe help demonstrate novice and expert use cases. We also have an app store on our website where users can download and purchase Smart Glasses applications, including third-party apps. We continue to foster the development of an ecosystem of third-party developers to offer applications and demo trials, many of which will be sold on an industry-standard revenue share model, with the publisher generally receiving the majority of the subscription revenue collected.

Vuzix also resells a variety of other applications, including its internally developed “connector” applications, to enable third party applications like Zoom, Teams and others, which provide remote telepresence capabilities, otherwise known as “see-what-I-see” video collaboration and work instructions, amongst other features. These applications may support remote assistance workflows by sharing information between field technicians and remote support experts. In some cases, these applications are offered free to the user and in other cases we charge monthly or annual subscription fees.

We believe our smart glasses products, waveguide technologies, and software ecosystem support hands-free computing use cases across enterprise, healthcare, defense and security, and select consumer markets.

Engineering Services and ODM/OEM Products

Waveguide Optics and Display Engines

We offer waveguide optics and related coupling optics that can be integrated with compact display engines from third parties to form a see-through display module. Waveguide-based display modules require a compatible display engine designed for the intended optical architecture and performance requirements. Our waveguide optical design reference kits, which include display projectors, waveguides, and supporting electronics, are provided to select ODMs and OEMs to facilitate evaluation, prototyping, and product development.

Our waveguide technology, combined with microdisplay projectors, is designed to support performance requirements for see-through wearable displays, including:

• high-brightness, full-color display capability for a range of lighting conditions;

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• compact optics intended to support wearable form factors; and

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• image clarity and resolution to support AI/AR applications.

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We believe our waveguides, when coupled with appropriate third-party display engine technologies, address key performance parameters for next generation AR products. Our strategy for addressing the broader mass market includes developing partnerships with select consumer electronics and software companies, as well as with their ODMs or OEMs. We believe manufacturing scale and being cost-competitve, together with improvements in display engine efficiency, are important factors for broader adoption of waveguide-based smart glasses. The best ways to capitalize on our waveguides include pairing them with full color microdisplays or projectors capable of high brightness across target use environments.

Engineering Services and Related Products

Vuzix provides engineering services and ODM/OEM component solutions to select partners seeking to integrate waveguide optics and wearable display technologies into their products. We focus on developing long-term ODM/OEM relationships, including supply contracts, rather than traditional "work-for-hire" contracts. We have engaged with potential partners across consumer and enterprise markets regarding the use of our waveguide and display technologies. We can offer our ODM/OEM customers support from prototype development to production, including technical consulting, engineering data, and application support. Our business strategy is to commercialize our waveguide technologies and products to enable select ODMs and OEMs to integrate and embed our technologies and products consistent with their capabilities and timeline for bringing products to market.

Vuzix serves defense and security markets with customized waveguide optics and display engine solutions tailored for mission-critical applications. We have provided prototype products and engineering services to defense contractors and integrators evaluating waveguides and display engines for head-mounted systems. These efforts are typically multi-year development programs. We may experience program transitions from development to production over time; however, the timing and scale of any such transitions can be uncertain and are subject to customer funding, program requirements, and procurement decisions. Because Vuzix is a domestic manufacturer of optics and display engines, we believe Vuzix may be well positioned for certain U.S. defense applications where domestic supply is a procurement consideration.

Technology

Investing in research and development is key to maintaining our technology and product capabilities. We aim to continuously enhance our product offerings through internal development and partnerships with third-party suppliers. Our proprietary technologies, including advanced optics, micro-projection display engines, and specialized software, support our product and ODM/OEM offerings. We also leverage trade secrets and nanoimprinting expertise to develop diffractive waveguide optics.

Major core technologies that we employ in our products include:

We hold numerous patents and pending applications for passive, dynamic, and diffractive optics-based waveguides, which enable compact AI/AR Smart Glasses. Our goal is to create AI/AR-based displays that resemble everyday sunglasses in comfort, size, and weight.

Recent advancements include our Incognito™ technology, which minimizes forward light leakage, including in lower-light operating conditions. In addition, our waveguides now support integrated prescription vision correction, allowing users to incorporate their vision prescription into certain configurations while maintaining a natural eyewear appearance. Our production process currently supports prescription ranges of +2D to -8D diopters, with plans to expand further.

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We continue to refine nanoimprinting techniques to produce ultra-thin waveguides, including waveguides with thicknesses down to approximately 0.35 mm, which may be important for lightweight and eyewear-style Smart Glasses. Our expertise spans tool design, custom grating software, high-index polymers, precision lithography, and automated quality control, supporting high-volume production with optical clarity.

Optical components are a major cost factor in wearable displays. We have developed thin, lightweight optics that integrate with ultra-compact microdisplays, reducing bulk while maintaining high-resolution AR visuals. These innovations are intended to allow our Smart Glasses to resemble traditional eyewear while delivering immersive digital experiences.

We are advancing microdisplay projection technology, developing high-brightness, full-color display engines optimized for waveguides. We collaborate with multiple industry partners to deliver both monochrome and full color microdisplay solutions, ensuring power efficiency, clarity, and seamless integration into compact Smart Glasses.

Product Development

Continuous innovation and product expansion drive our growth, with product life cycles typically lasting less than five years. Our team of in-house engineers and external consultants focuses on:

We plan to increase R&D investments as revenues grow and will continue licensing and acquiring technologies to accelerate development. By combining advanced optics, microdisplay technology, and advanced manufacturing, Vuzix remains at the forefront of AI/AR Smart Glasses innovation.

Patents and Other Intellectual Property

We have an intellectual property policy which has as its objectives: (i) the development of new intellectual property to further our position in personal display technology; and (ii) the maintenance and protection of our valuable trade secrets and know-how. We seek to achieve these objectives through the education and training of our engineering staff and the adoption of appropriate systems, policies and procedures for the creation, identification, and protection of intellectual property.

Our general practice is to file patent applications for our technology in the United States, Europe, Japan, and additional countries, including Canada and China, for inventions which we believe have the greatest potential. We file and prosecute our patent applications in pursuit of the most extensive fields of protection possible including, where appropriate, the application of the relevant technology to the broader display industry.

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We believe that our intellectual property portfolio, coupled with our supplier relationships and accumulated experience in the near-eye display field, gives us an advantage over potential competitors. We also believe our copyrights, trademarks, and patents are critical to our success and we intend to maintain and protect these. We also rely on proprietary technology, trade secrets, and know-how, including manufacturing processes and procedures, which are not patented. To protect our rights in these areas, we require all employees and, where appropriate, contractors, consultants, advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality, invention assignment, and non-competition agreements with us.

Our technologies enable us to provide lower cost, small form factor, high resolution wearable display products. To protect our technologies, we have developed a patent portfolio which currently consists of 306 issued U.S. and foreign patents and 202 pending U.S. and foreign patent applications. We are also currently evaluating several invention disclosures for the purposes of submitting design and utility patent applications. Our U.S. and foreign patents expire on various dates with the capacity to remain enforceable through at least March of 2050. In addition to our various patents, we have 10 registered U.S. trademarks and 85 trademark registrations worldwide.

Competitors

The near-eye wearable computer and mobile personal display device industry in which we operate is highly competitive and evolving rapidly. We compete against both direct view display technology in smart phones and tablets and other wearable display technology. We believe that the principal competitive factors in the personal display industry include image size, image quality, image resolution, power efficiency, manufacturing cost, weight and dimension, feature implementation, AI and AR capabilities, ergonomics, style, hands-free capabilities and, lastly, the interactive capabilities of the overall display system.

Competition – Binocular Wearable Display and VR Products

Vuzix AR Smart Glasses competitors include binocular wearable displays and virtual reality systems, using microdisplays or smaller flat panels. Examples of such companies include or have included Carl Zeiss, Seiko Epson (Epson), Sony Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, Apple, Avegant Corp., Meta (formerly Oculus/Facebook), HTC Corporation, Razer Inc., HP, Lenovo, Snap, Xreal, TCL, Huawei and many others. Some of these firms have discontinued their efforts while others continue to introduce new products focused on either video viewers or VR goggles. Despite their size, VR headsets from companies like Meta and Sony have been selling in the millions of units, primarily for game applications. VR systems are either standalone devices or require a wire to be connected to a PC or game console to operate.

Competition – AR Glasses

In the AR or mixed reality (XR) markets, there are currently fewer competitors with much of this market aimed at the high-end user and research markets. Companies with products in this area include or have included Microsoft Corporation, Sony Corporation, Epson, Lenovo, Magic Leap, Snap, Meta, Xreal, TCL, Rokid, and Apple. Today, many of these products have relatively bulky goggle style HMDs and are typically tethered to an external controller. Many of these goggles are using external view cameras to simulate an AR environment where the wearer can see the outside world and most are not currently using see-through waveguide optics.

Competition – Monocular Smart Glasses

The monocular smart glasses segment primarily serves enterprise, industrial, defense and security applications. Competitors include or have included Google (formerly Google Glass), RealWear, Lumus, Kopin, Optinvent, Brother, Garmin, BAE Systems, and Rockwell Collins. We believe that the market opportunity for these products has been limited primarily to pilot program tests and smaller rollouts in enterprise markets rather than broad commercial volume purchases. Although we believe sales of these devices have seen limited large-scale adoption beyond pilot programs, demand is increasing in industries such as healthcare, logistics, security, and field services. Vuzix offers superior form factors, optics, and AI integrations, positioning its products as compelling alternatives.

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Several Japanese electronics companies including Hitachi, Murata Manufacturing Co., Sony Corporation, WESTUNITIS, and Olympus announced monocular smart glasses systems for the enterprise market and many have exited the business over the last three years. There are also several China-based companies that have been showing monocular smart glasses products, including Lenovo, but their sales activities thus far have been somewhat limited and focused primarily on Asia. We expect to encounter competition in the future from major consumer electronics companies and suppliers of imaging and information products for defense applications.

There is competition in all types of smart glasses products we manufacture, from both large and small companies. The principal points of competition for these products include price, product performance, the availability of supporting applications, and the experience and brand name of the particular company and history of its dealings in such products. We believe that our monocular products match or exceed the display products currently offered by our competitors.

Competition – Waveguides and Display Engines

The waveguide and display engine market is growing and evolving rapidly as more companies develop AI/AR-enabled smart glasses. Vuzix competes or has competed with such companies as Lumus, Snap’s WaveOptics, Digilens, AAC Technologies’ Dispelix, and multiple emerging Chinese manufacturers such as Goertek, Goolton, Crystal Optech, Optiark, and Xiaomi.

We believe our waveguides provide several competitive advantages including: (i) cost-effective, scalable volume manufacturing; (ii) higher brightness and display clarity with minimal forward light glow (Incognito technology); (iii) thinner, lighter optics with wider field-of-view (FOV); (iv) better light efficiency and durability; and (v) our ability to quickly develop customizable designs for ODM and OEM customers.

Sales and Marketing

Sales

We sell our products and components globally through a mix of direct sales, value-added resellers (VARs), distributors, and select ODM and OEM partnerships. Our sales strategy varies based on the market segment and customer type.

In the Smart Glasses and AI/AR markets, our primary focus is on the enterprise sector, where we collaborate with software firms and resellers to support industry-specific applications. We maintain a VAR network across key verticals such as warehousing, field service, and healthcare, enabling these partners to provide tailored software and support solutions. Our subsidiary, Moviynt, provides software solutions to support Smart Glasses and handheld scanning devices in logistics. Additionally, our in-house sales team manages key enterprise accounts and distributors, and we sell direct via online stores and various Vuzix operated web stores in the U.S., Europe and Japan. For our Smart Glasses, we continue to foster an ecosystem with application developers from around the world. We also have our own hosted application store where our Smart Glasses customers can download and purchase applications and software developer kits.

We also sell our products internationally, mainly in Japan and Europe. In Japan, we have a branch sales and service office and a small warehouse. We had maintained through most of 2024, small European sales offices in Oxford, England and Munich, Germany, but have since closed these locations and instead use remote full-time sales consultants or employees within Europe. For warehousing, we have contracted with a third-party fulfillment center based in the Netherlands to service our customers in EMEA. We also currently serve other APAC customers through our North American (West Coast) and Tokyo sales offices.

For customer support for the Americas and EMEA, we have contracted with a third-party end-user technical support firm that provides customer and technical support 16 hours a day.

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For our ODM and OEM customers, we primarily supply waveguides, display engines, and Smart Glasses platforms for integration into branded products. These ODM/OEM customer partnerships typically involve design cycles of 6 to 24 months, depending on product complexity. Given the technical nature of these components, our sales, technical, and executive teams work closely with customers throughout the evaluation and integration process.

To strengthen relationships and gain market insights, our teams regularly engage with customers worldwide and participate in key industry trade shows and conferences.

Marketing

Our marketing efforts focus on brand awareness, lead generation, and industry engagement. Our marketing and sales teams, along with external agencies, manage product positioning, advertising, PR, and marketing communications. We also employ marketing services firms to help prepare brochures, packaging, tradeshow messaging and advertising campaigns, focused on customers in our target markets. Most of our finished products today are currently sold under the Vuzix brand name. We currently undertake specific marketing activities as needed, including, but not limited to:

We use strategic marketing efforts to drive awareness and adoption of Vuzix Smart Glasses, waveguides, and white-label display solutions. Public relations and product videos remain a key part of our outreach, and we continue to provide product samples to key industry influencers.

Manufacturing

We manufacture our products using a combination of in-house production and third-party contract manufacturing services. We procure components from suppliers, use contract manufacturers for electronic circuit board and cable assemblies, and perform final product assembly at our West Henrietta, New York facility. This facility enables efficient, cost-effective production, with the capability to manufacture thousands of units annually. We are experienced in the successful production of our products in moderate volumes. We believe that maintaining production in-house at our current volume levels provides better cost control, quality assurance, and operational flexibility compared to outsourcing to third parties.

Vuzix manufactures all its waveguide optics in a dedicated, state-of-the-art cleanroom facility adjacent to our headquarters in West Henrietta, New York. This facility can support high-volume production, at reduced manufacturing costs, and allows us to implement advanced waveguide processing techniques for next-generation designs. For the foreseeable future, all waveguide manufacturing will remain at this facility.

In April 2025, Vuzix acquired an advanced waveguide R&D facility in Milpitas, California. The facility, previously operated by a global technology leader known for its extensive work in software, AI, and augmented reality, now serves as a key waveguide tools development and innovation hub for Vuzix and its ODM/OEM customers’ next-generation AI-driven smart glasses. The facility, which features state-of-the-art equipment, includes an advanced ion milling machine, which offers superior precision, advanced tool development capabilities, and batch-processing, enables Vuzix to further innovate and scale its waveguide development capabilities, a critical component for next-generation AI/AR smart glasses.

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We evaluate contract manufacturers and component suppliers on an ongoing basis, including whether or not to utilize new or alternative contract manufacturers or component suppliers and will be working with our investor and partner Quanta Computer to potentially provide such services, among others. The new LX1 is our first smart glasses product to be made by them for us.

We currently source microdisplays from Sony Corporation, Jade Bird Display, and Texas Instruments and regularly and actively evaluate new suppliers of compact display engines to enhance AI/AR Smart Glasses performance. Our relationship with these microdisplay suppliers is generally on a purchase order basis and none have a contractual obligation to provide adequate supply or acceptable pricing to us on a long-term basis, nor do we have any contractual obligation to purchase microdisplays from them. We generally procure our other non-microdisplay components and products from our vendors on a purchase order basis without any long-term commitments. Many of the raw components used in our products are standard for the consumer electronics and computer industry. We provide forecasts that can allow our contract manufacturers to stock component parts and other materials and plan capacity. Our contract manufacturers procure raw materials in volumes consistent with our forecasts, manufacture and/or assemble the products and perform tests according to our specifications. In some cases, we procure specific components and either sell them or consign them to our contract manufacturers.

While we do not manufacture our raw components, other than waveguides, we do own the tooling that is used to make our custom components. Most of such tooling is located in China. Some of our accessory products are sourced from third parties as finished goods. We typically have them print our Vuzix brand name on these products if they are co-branded. Such third-party products represented less than 3% of our sales in the last three fiscal years.

Our manufacturing is not currently subject to seasonal variations, but in the future, depending upon our customers’ product mix, we may be affected by seasonal fluctuations which could affect working capital demands.

Backlog

There is a relatively short cycle between order and shipment of our product sales. Most purchase orders we receive are subject to rescheduling or cancellation by the customer with no or limited penalties. With regard to sales of custom products and waveguides to our ODM/OEM customers, we believe that the backlog metric is currently of limited utility in predicting future sales because all these ODM/OEM customers operate on a ship-to-order basis. Therefore, we believe at this time that backlog information is not material to the understanding of our business.

Human Capital

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had 88 full-time employees and contractors globally.The Company is committed to attracting, developing, and retaining talent to enable our strategic vision. This commitment directly shapes our approach to fostering a culture of inclusion and ensuring employees can reach their potential. We believe that our strong Company culture is a key enabler of our success. The values of accountability, integrity, teamwork, agility, and innovation are central to our culture and how we operate and work together. We take proactive steps to ensure that this culture continues to permeate throughout our organization. We consider our relations with our employees to be very good. In addition, we believe our compensation structure aligns with our stockholders’ long-term interests and reflects the Company’s commitment to pay for performance.

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Available Information

We make available free of charge through our website, www.vuzix.com, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our proxy statements and other reports that we file or furnish with the SEC as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed or furnished, as well as certain of our corporate governance policies, including the charters for the Board of Directors’ audit, compensation, and nominating committees and our code of ethics, corporate governance guidelines and whistleblower policy. We will also provide to any person without charge, upon request, a copy of any of the foregoing materials. Any such request must be made in writing to us, c/o Investor Relations, Vuzix Corporation, 25 Hendrix Road, West Henrietta, NY, 14586.

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Information about Geographic Revenue

Information about geographic revenue is described in Note 17, “Geographic and Other Financial Information” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

History - Corporate

We were incorporated in Delaware in 1997 as VR Acquisition Corp. In 1997, we acquired substantially all the assets of Forte Technologies, Inc. (Forte), which was engaged in the manufacture and sale of Virtual Reality headsets and the development of related technologies. Forte was originally owned and controlled by Kopin Corporation, one of our prior microdisplay suppliers. Most of the technologies developed by Forte are now owned and used by us.

Reference in this report to “Vuzix”, the “Company”, “we,” “us,” “our” and similar words refer to Vuzix Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiary.

Item 1A.     Risk Factors

 An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. An investor should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the other information included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could suffer as a result of these risks. In that case, the market value of our securities could decline, and an investor may lose all or part of his or her investment.

Summary of Risk Factors:

General Business and Industry Risks

We have incurred net losses since our inception and may continue to incur losses.

We reported a net loss of $32,273,128 for the year ended December 31, 2025; $73,538,157 for the year ended December 31, 2024, and $50,149,077 for the year ended December 31, 2023. We have an accumulated deficit of $399,858,410 as of December 31, 2025.

We may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future. We will need to increase sales in order to achieve and maintain profitability. In addition, we expect that our expenses relating to product development and research, sales and marketing, as well as our general and administrative costs, may increase as our business grows. If we do not achieve and maintain profitability, our financial condition will be materially and adversely affected, and we would be required to raise additional capital. We may not be able to raise any necessary capital on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we fail to achieve or maintain profitability, the market price of our common stock may decline.

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We operate in a highly competitive and complex market and believe our future success depends in part on our ability to effectively manage the growth and increased complexity of our business.

The following factors could present difficulties for us:

The size, resources and brand name of some of our competitors may allow them to compete more effectively than we can, which could result in a loss of our market share and a decrease in our revenue.

The market for head-worn display devices, including AR and AI Smart Glasses, is highly competitive. Further, we expect competition to intensify in the future as existing competitors introduce new and more competitive offerings alongside their existing products, and as new market entrants introduce new products into our markets. To date, the market for smart glasses is in its early stages, with no single company achieving a dominant or leading position. We compete against established, well-known diversified consumer electronics manufacturers including Samsung Electronics Co., Sony Corporation, Meta, LG Electronics (LGE), HTC, TCL, and Lenovo, and many of our current competitors have substantial market share, longer operating histories, larger intellectual property portfolios, diversified product lines, ability to bundle competitive offerings including software products and cloud services with their products, well-established supply and distribution systems, strong worldwide brand recognition and greater financial, marketing, research and development and other resources than we do.

Moreover, smartphones, tablets, and new wearable devices with ever-expanding video display screens, including foldable and expandable screens, and ever-increasing computing power have significantly improved the mobile personal computing experience. In the future, large consumer electronics manufacturers of those devices, such as Apple, Samsung, LGE, Lenovo, Alphabet/Google, Snap, Garmin, Meta/Facebook, Microsoft and others may design or develop products similar to ours. In addition to competition or potential competition from large, established companies, new companies may emerge and offer competitive products. Further, our current and prospective competitors may consolidate with each other or acquire companies that will allow them to develop products that better compete with our products, which would intensify the competition that we face and may also disrupt or lead to termination of our distribution, technology, software, and/or content partnerships. Increased competition may result in pricing pressures and

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reduced profit margins and may impede our ability to increase the sales of our products, any one of which could substantially harm our business and results of operations.

Our lack of long-term purchase orders or binding commitments from customers could result in significant volatility and a rapid decline in our sales and operating results.

We generally do not receive long-term purchase orders or other binding commitments from customers for our Vuzix branded products. Instead, customers typically issue purchase orders at their discretion, often shortly before the requested shipment date. These purchase orders may be canceled, reduced, or delayed by customers, in many cases without penalty and on relatively short notice. In addition, our customers may decide to discontinue purchasing our products at any time and for any reason.

Because we cannot rely on long-term purchase orders or contractual commitments, we have limited visibility into future demand and are not protected from sudden declines in customer orders. As a result, our sales volume may decline rapidly with little or no warning if customers reduce, delay, or cancel orders or choose not to continue purchasing our products.

We plan our production schedules, inventory levels, and resource allocation based primarily on internal forecasts of customer demand. These forecasts are inherently uncertain and subject to significant fluctuation. Inaccurate demand forecasts may result in excess or insufficient inventory, inefficient use of capital, and operational challenges. Furthermore, our operating expenses and investments in capital equipment and new product development are based in part on expectations of future sales. If actual demand does not align with these expectations, we may be unable to reduce costs or adjust our operations in a timely manner, which could adversely affect our gross margins, operating results, and financial condition.

We depend on advances in certain technology by other companies and if those advances do not materialize, some of our anticipated new products could be delayed or cancelled.

We rely on and will continue to rely on technologies (including microdisplays, mobile computing electronics and operating systems) that are developed and produced by other companies. The commercial success of certain of our planned future products will depend in part on advances in these and other technologies by other companies. We may, from time to time, contract with and support companies developing key technologies in order to accelerate the development of them for our specific uses. Such activities might not result in useful technologies or components for us.

If microdisplay-based personal displays or near-eye displays do not gain greater acceptance in the market for head worn or mobile displays, our business strategy may fail.

The mobile display market is dominated by displays larger than one inch, most of which are currently based on direct view liquid crystal display (LCD) and organic light emitting display (OLED) technology. A number of large established global companies have made and continue to make substantial investments in, and are conducting research to improve characteristics of, handheld direct view LCDs and OLED displays. Advances in direct view LCD and OLED technology, microLED or other technologies, including foldable and stretchable displays may overcome their current market limitations and permit them to remain or become more attractive technologies for most personal viewing applications, which, along with general public acceptability of wearing smart glasses, could limit the potential market for our near-eye display and wearable computing technology and cause our business strategy to fail.

There are a number of competing providers of microdisplay-based personal display technology, including smart glasses, and we may fail to capture a substantial portion of the personal wearable display market.

In addition to competing with direct view displays, we also compete with microdisplay-based personal and wearable display technologies that have been developed by many other companies. Numerous other companies have announced their intentions to offer smart glasses and AI/AR products. Most of our competitors have greater financial, marketing, distribution and technical resources than we do. Moreover, our competitors may succeed in developing new microdisplay-based personal display technologies, optics, and near-eye display products that are more affordable or have

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more desirable features than our technology. If our products are unable to capture a reasonable portion of the smart wearable display market, our business strategy may fail.

Our products may experience declining unit prices and we may not be able to offset that decline with production cost decreases or higher unit sales.

In the markets in which we compete, prices of established consumer electronics displays, personal computers, and mobile products tend to decline significantly over time or as new enhanced versions are introduced, frequently every 12 to 24 months. In order to maintain adequate product profit margins over the long term, we believe that we will need to continuously develop product enhancements and new technologies that will either slow price declines of our products or reduce the cost of producing and delivering our products. While we anticipate many opportunities to reduce production costs over time, we may not be able to reduce our necessary component costs. We expect to attempt to offset the anticipated potential decrease in our average selling price by introducing new products, increasing our sales volumes or adjusting our product mix. If we fail to do so, our results of operations will be materially and adversely affected.

Our business depends in part on access to third-party platforms or technologies, and if the access is withdrawn, denied, or is not available on terms acceptable to us, or if the platforms or technologies change without notice to us, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

Our products rely on access to third party platforms and software, including mobile operating systems, and AI and voice assistant ecosystems, some of which are controlled by competitors. These platform owners may limit, delay, deny, or condition our access, retain competitive advantages in integration and performance, or introduce competing products that function more effectively on their platforms. Our ability to launch products, maintain compatibility, and establish or sustain platform relationships may be adversely affected by changes to platform technologies, policies, or terms, including the imposition of licensing or royalty fees. Any loss of access, unfavorable changes, or delays in third party platforms or technologies could result in increased costs, reduced margins, excess inventory, customer support issues, or otherwise materially harm our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Our use of open-source software could negatively affect our ability to sell our products and could subject us to possible litigation.

We incorporate open-source software into our products, which is subject to licenses that may impose obligations, including requirements to disclose source code or to license derivative works under specified terms. In addition, software we license from third parties may contain open-source components that could trigger similar obligations with respect to our proprietary software. If we fail to comply with applicable open-source license requirements, we could be subject to claims of infringement or breach of license, which could result in significant legal expenses, damages, injunctive relief limiting our ability to distribute affected products, or requirements to make our proprietary software publicly available. Any of these outcomes could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our operating results may be adversely impacted by worldwide political, economic, public health uncertainties, wars and specific conditions in the markets we address.

Any worsening of global economic, financial, political, social, or public health conditions, including global pandemics, such as COVID-19, could materially adversely affect (i) demand for our current and future products; (ii) our ability to raise, or the terms of, needed capital; and (iii) the supply of components for our products. We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration of any future economic slowdown or subsequent economic recovery, or such impact on the wearable display industry.

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Due to our significant level of international operations, including the use of foreign suppliers and contract manufacturers, we are subject to international operational, financial, legal, political and public health risks which could harm our operating results.

We source components from third party suppliers, utilize contract manufacturers for certain assemblies, and conduct specific manufacturing activities in West Henrietta, New York. In the future, final assembly of certain products may be performed outside the United States, including at facilities operated by our new strategic partner, Quanta Computer. A substantial portion of our operations, suppliers, and customers are located outside the United States, exposing us to risks related to compliance with foreign laws and regulations, trade and tax uncertainties, economic instability, public health events, currency fluctuations, and extended accounts receivable collection cycles. Any of these risks could disrupt our operations, adversely affect our financial condition, and limit our ability to grow internationally.

Cybersecurity incidents or failures of our information technology systems, or those of third parties, could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We are subject to ongoing cybersecurity risks, including threats to our information technology (“IT”) infrastructure, products, and data, as well as to the systems of customers, suppliers, subcontractors, and other third parties with whom we conduct business. We rely extensively on electronic systems to operate our business, manage data, and transact with customers, vendors, and subsidiaries. These systems contain sensitive and proprietary information, including personal data, regulated information, intellectual property, trade secrets, and financial information.

Cybersecurity threats are increasingly frequent, sophisticated, and evolving, and include attempts to gain unauthorized access to systems or data, disrupt operations, introduce malicious code, or otherwise compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of information. These threats may originate from a variety of sources, including cybercriminals, nation state actors, hacktivists, insiders, and other third parties, and may be exacerbated by geopolitical developments, the continued use of legacy systems, the discovery of previously unknown vulnerabilities, and the increasing use of artificial intelligence by threat actors.

We may experience disruptions to our own IT systems or those of third parties due to cyberattacks, system failures, or other security incidents, whether on premises or in cloud-based environments. In some cases, we rely on the cybersecurity safeguards of third parties, over whom we have limited visibility or control, and failure of those safeguards could result in operational disruptions, loss of data, or the compromise of sensitive information.

Cybersecurity related laws and regulations are complex and continue to evolve, which may increase compliance costs, require additional investments, subject us to enhanced regulatory scrutiny, or result in enforcement actions or disclosure obligations. Notwithstanding measures we have implemented, no system is completely secure, and vulnerabilities may not be identified or mitigated in a timely manner.

A successful cybersecurity incident or prolonged system disruption could result in operational interruptions, production delays, loss, theft, or misuse of sensitive information or intellectual property, financial losses, regulatory penalties, litigation, reputational harm, or loss of customers. Any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity. The impact of any future cybersecurity incident cannot be predicted with certainty.

We may lose the services of key management personnel and may not be able to attract and retain other necessary personnel.

Changes in our management could have an adverse effect on our business and, in particular, while our staff is relatively small with 88 employees and full-time contractors globally, we are dependent upon the active participation of several key management personnel, including Paul Travers, our President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Travers, the Company’s founder, is critical to the strategic direction and overall management of our Company as well as our research and development process. The loss of Mr. Travers could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results. We do not carry key person life insurance on any of our senior management or other key personnel. Our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Grant Russell, a Canadian citizen, currently has his principal

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residence in Vancouver, Canada and a second residence in West Henrietta, New York. If he becomes unable to travel to and work in the United States, his ability to perform some of his duties could be materially adversely affected.

Our future success depends on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled technical and managerial personnel. Competition for such talent is intense, and our ability to recruit and retain employees and contractors depends in part on offering competitive compensation and benefits. We compete with companies that have significantly greater financial and other resources and may be more attractive to prospective personnel. As a result, we may be required to increase compensation, incentive awards, equity-based compensation, and other benefits, which could increase our operating expenses and adversely affect our results of operations. If we are unable to attract, retain, and motivate qualified personnel, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Operational Risks

The design, tooling and manufacture of waveguides encompasses several complex processes, and several steps of our production processes are dependent upon certain critical machines and tools which could result in delivery interruptions, which could adversely affect our operating results.

Our product technology and manufacturing processes are evolving, which can result in production challenges and difficulties. We may be unable to produce our products in sufficient quantity and quality to maintain existing customers and attract new customers. In addition, we may experience manufacturing problems which could result in delays in delivering orders or product introductions. We currently do not have full equipment redundancy in our manufacturing facility or tooling. If we experience any significant disruption in the operation of our manufacturing facility or a serious failure of a critical piece of equipment or tooling, we may be unable to supply products to our customers in a timely manner. Interruptions in our manufacturing could be caused by equipment problems, the introduction of new equipment into the manufacturing process or delays in the delivery of new manufacturing equipment. Lead-time for delivery, installation, testing, repair and maintenance of manufacturing equipment can be extensive. We have experienced production interruptions in the past and no assurance can be given that we will not lose potential sales or be able to meet production orders due to future production interruptions in our manufacturing lines.

Our waveguide and display engine products sales to third parties are subject to lengthy OEM development periods.

We intend to sell certain of our waveguides, and in some cases related display engines with microdisplays, as components to ODMs/OEMs for incorporation into their products. To date, these sales have not been a material contributor to our revenues, and there can be no assurance they will become so in the future. ODMs and OEMs determine whether and when to incorporate our products during their development cycles, which can be lengthy and unpredictable. The period between initial product sampling, customization to meet specific customer requirements, qualification, and ultimate incorporation into an ODM or OEM product may extend from six months to two years or longer. If our products fail to meet customer cost, performance, reliability, or technical requirements, or if unanticipated technical challenges arise during integration, customers may delay, limit, or abandon adoption of our products. Prolonged development cycles, delays in customer qualification, or failure to achieve design wins could materially and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition, and prospects.

Our dependence on sales to VARs, distributors, and other resellers increases the risks of managing our supply chain and may result in excess inventory or inventory shortages.

Many of our various reseller relationships for our Smart Glasses and AI/AR products and their accessories could involve such resellers taking inventory positions and reselling to multiple customers. Our VAR and distributor relationships may reduce our ability to forecast sales and increase risks to our business. Since our distributors and VARs would act as intermediaries between us and the end user customers or resellers, we would be required to rely on our distributors to accurately report inventory levels and production forecasts. This may require us to manage a more complex supply chain and monitor the financial condition and credit worthiness of our distributors and VARs and their major end user customers. Our failure to manage one or more of these risks could result in excess inventory or shortages that could adversely impact our operating results and financial condition.

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Our reliance on third party suppliers, including sole source suppliers, for critical components and manufacturing exposes us to supply disruptions, cost increases, long lead times, and component obsolescence, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We do not manufacture the integrated circuit chip sets, microprocessors, wireless chips, optics, microdisplays, backlights, some projection engines, printed circuit boards, or other electronic components used in our products. Instead, we depend on third party suppliers and independent contractors, including contract manufacturers, to source, manufacture, and assemble all or portions of our products. Many of these components are customized or custom made for us, and certain key components are sourced from a limited number of suppliers or from a single supplier, some of which may have limited financial resources or could potentially become competitors. Our supplier relationships are generally governed by purchase orders rather than long-term supply agreements, and these suppliers have no contractual obligation to provide components in sufficient quantities or at acceptable prices on a long term basis.

Our ability to meet customer demand depends on the timely and adequate delivery of these components. We are subject to risks of supply shortages, long lead times, changes or discontinuation of components, and end of life obsolescence due to technological changes, which may require product redesigns, increased costs, or the forced obsolescence of related inventory. In addition, lengthy component lead times limit our ability to rapidly adjust production quantities or delivery schedules. We have experienced component end of life issues in the past and expect to encounter additional shortages and supply constraints in the future, making component availability unpredictable.

If any of our suppliers or contractors are unable or unwilling to supply required components, experience production disruptions, discontinue their relationship with us, or are affected by events such as government mandated shutdowns related to health epidemics, we may be unable to manufacture and sell our products until suitable replacement suppliers are identified. We may be unable to secure replacement suppliers on reasonable terms or in a timely manner, if at all. While alternative display technologies and suppliers may be available, incorporating such alternatives could require new tooling and electronics, increase production costs, reduce performance, and make our products less competitive or less desirable. Any interruption or disruption in our supply chain could result in delayed product deliveries, increased costs, reduced sales, or an inability to meet customer demand, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our facilities and information systems and those of our key suppliers could be damaged as a result of disasters or unpredictable events, which could have an adverse effect on our business operations.

We operate the majority of our business from one campus location in West Henrietta, New York (a suburb of Rochester). We also rely on third-party manufacturing plants in the United States and Asia and third-party logistics, sales and marketing facilities in Japan and Europe, and in other parts of the world to provide key components for our products and services. If major disasters such as earthquakes, pandemics, fires, floods, wars, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, transportation disasters or other events occur in any of these locations, or our information systems or communications network or those of any of our key component suppliers breaks down or operates improperly as a result of such events, our facilities or those of our key suppliers may be seriously damaged, and we may have to stop or delay production and shipment of our products. We may also incur expenses relating to such damages. If production or shipment of our products or components is stopped or delayed or if we incur any increased expenses as a result of damage to our facilities, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Financial and Market Risks

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We have not paid dividends in the past and do not expect to pay dividends in the future on our common stock.

We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends on our common stock will depend on earnings, financial condition, and other business and economic factors affecting us at such time as our Board of Directors may consider relevant. If we do not pay dividends, our common stock may be less valuable because a return on a stockholders’ investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates.

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Our stock price may be volatile in the future.

The trading price of our common stock has been subject to wide fluctuations in response to quarter-to-quarter variations in results of operations, announcements of technological innovations or new products introduced by us or our competitors, general conditions in the wearable, wireless communications, software applications (including AI), consumer electronics, semiconductor and display markets, changes in our operating results estimates by financial analysts or other events or factors. In addition, the public stock markets have recently experienced high price and trading volatility. The risks relating to inflation, interest rates and the imposition of tariffs could have a material impact on our revenues and costs. These matters can significantly affect the market prices and price volatility of securities of many technology companies for reasons frequently unrelated to the operating performance of the specific companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

There is uncertainty regarding the exclusive forum clause in our amended and restated bylaws.

Our amended and restated bylaws include a clause that provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for certain types of actions that may be brought against us. There is uncertainty as to whether we would seek to, or whether we could successfully, apply this exclusive forum provision to any actions that may be brought against us under the Securities Acts.

Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute the existing stockholders’ percentage ownership of our Company.

Given our capital plans, needs and expectations, we may issue additional shares of common stock, preferred stock or securities convertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, warrants, and equity incentive awards. The issuance of additional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of the then existing stockholders.

If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our operating results could be adversely affected.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include those related to revenue recognition, inventories, product warranty reserves, accounting for income taxes, going concern, carrying value of long-term and other intangible assets, software development costs, variable interest entities, and stock-based compensation expense. Our operating results may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our operating results to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the price of our common stock.

Our results of operations may suffer if we are not able to successfully manage our increasing exposure to foreign exchange rate risks.

A majority of our sales and cost of components are denominated in U.S. dollars. As our business grows, both our sales and production costs may increasingly be denominated in other currencies. Where such sales or production costs are denominated in other currencies they are converted to U.S. dollars for the purpose of calculating any sales or costs to us. Our sales may decrease as a result of any appreciation of the U.S. dollar against these other currencies.

The majority of our current expenditures are incurred in U.S. dollars and many of our components come from countries that currently peg their currency against the U.S. dollar. If the pegged exchange rates change adversely or are allowed to float up, additional U.S. dollars will be required to fund our purchases of these components.

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Although we do not currently enter into currency option contracts or engage in other hedging activities, we may do so in the future. There is no assurance that we will undertake any such hedging activities or that, if we do so, they will be successful in reducing the risks to us of our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations.

Legal and Regulatory Risks

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Our business and products are subject to extensive government regulation, and failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or changes in such laws and regulations, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our current operations and our expansion into new markets and product categories subject us to a wide array of domestic and international laws, regulations, standards, and other requirements governing, among other things, electrical safety, wireless emissions, health and safety, e-commerce, cybersecurity, consumer protection, and export and import controls. Compliance with these requirements is often complex, costly, and time consuming, and such requirements may differ significantly across jurisdictions, including between countries, increasing the difficulty and expense of compliance.

Our products may require regulatory approvals, certifications, or satisfaction of other regulatory conditions in the jurisdictions in which they are manufactured, sold, or both. These requirements can create procurement, manufacturing, and design challenges and may require us to incur additional costs to identify and qualify suppliers and manufacturers capable of producing compliant materials, components, and products. If we fail to comply with applicable laws, regulations, or standards, we may be subject to fines, penalties, product recalls, reputational harm, restrictions on sales, or, in severe cases, suspension or cessation of operations in certain jurisdictions. Any such outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Changes in existing laws or regulations, or the adoption of new laws or regulations, could require us to significantly alter our manufacturing processes, product designs, or supply chain, or could substantially increase our costs of doing business. If regulatory changes materially increase our manufacturing costs or require significant product redesigns, our margins, competitiveness, and operating results could be adversely affected.

Our products must comply with regulations governing electromagnetic radiation, including those administered by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), in order to be sold in the United States, as well as comparable requirements of regulatory authorities in the European Union, Japan, China, and other jurisdictions. Our AI/AR smart glasses products include wireless radios and receivers, which are subject to additional testing and certification requirements. Any failure to obtain or maintain required approvals could delay product launches, restrict sales, or require costly modifications.

Our business is subject to environmental, hazardous substance, and product recycling regulations, which could increase our costs, disrupt our operations, and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

We are subject to environmental laws and regulations related to the use of toxic, volatile, or otherwise hazardous substances in third party components incorporated into our products, including the Restriction of Certain Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive and the EU Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive, as well as similar laws and regulations in China, Japan, and other jurisdictions. These regulations restrict or regulate the use of certain substances, including lead, and impose obligations related to product recycling, collection, and treatment. Similar laws may be enacted or expanded in additional jurisdictions, including the United States, subjecting us to further compliance obligations.

Although we maintain policies and procedures intended to promote compliance with applicable environmental and product related laws and regulations by our employees, contractors, manufacturers, and suppliers, we cannot guarantee that such parties will comply with all applicable requirements. Non-compliance by our suppliers or contract manufacturers could require us to re-engineer products, substitute components, or disrupt manufacturing or logistics, which could result in additional costs, delays, or supply interruptions.

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The WEEE Directive and similar regulations require producers of electronic goods to bear responsibility for the collection, recycling, and treatment of covered products. Changes in interpretation or enforcement of these requirements could increase our compliance costs or impose additional obligations. Failure to comply with these or similar laws, whether past, present, or future, could result in reduced product sales, inventory write-offs, reputational damage, fines, penalties, or other sanctions, any of which could materially harm our business and financial condition.

While our historical expenditures for environmental compliance have not had a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows, we expect that ongoing and future environmental laws and regulations will continue to affect our products and operations and may result in additional costs, increased penalties for non-compliance, or requirements to modify product content or manufacturing processes. Any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Regulations related to conflict minerals may cause us to incur additional expenses and could limit the supply and increase the costs of certain materials used in the manufacturing of our products.

As a public company, we are subject to requirements under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, or the Dodd-Frank Act, that require us to determine, disclose and report whether or not our products contain conflict minerals. These requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability and pricing of the materials used in the manufacture of components used in our products. In addition, we have and will continue to incur additional costs to comply with the disclosure requirements, including costs related to conducting diligence procedures to determine the sources of conflict minerals that may be used in, or necessary for the production of, our products and, if applicable, potential changes to products, processes or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities. We also may face reputational harm if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict free or if we are unable to alter our products, processes or sources of supply to avoid such materials, as well as our contract manufacturers breaching their local labor laws.

We could be adversely affected by violations of anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions in which we operate.

The global nature of our business and the significance of our international revenue create various domestic and local regulatory challenges and subject us to risks associated with our international operations. We operate in areas of the world that can experience corruption by government officials to some degree and, in certain circumstances, compliance with anti-bribery and anticorruption laws may conflict with local customs and practices. Our global operations require us to import and export to and from several countries, which geographically expands our compliance obligations. In addition, changes in such laws could result in increased regulatory requirements and compliance costs which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As a U.S. company we may be held liable for the corrupt actions taken by directors, officers, employees, agents, or other strategic or local partners or representatives. If we or our intermediaries fail to comply with such requirements or similar legislation, governmental authorities in the United States and elsewhere could seek to impose substantial civil and/or criminal fines and penalties which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, operating results and financial condition.

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We are subject to governmental export and import controls and economic sanctions laws that could subject us to liability and impair our ability to compete in international markets.

The U.S. and various foreign governments have imposed controls, export license requirements and restrictions on the import or export of some technologies. Our products are subject to U.S. export controls, including the Commerce Department’s Export Administration Regulations and various economic and trade sanctions regulations established by the Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, and exports of our products must be made in compliance with these laws. Furthermore, U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions prohibit the provision of products and services to countries, governments, and persons targeted by U.S. sanctions. Even though we take precautions to prevent our products from being provided to targets of U.S. sanctions, our products, including our firmware updates, could be provided to those targets or provided by our customers despite such precautions. Any such provision could have negative consequences, including government investigations, penalties and reputational harm. Our failure to obtain required

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import or export approval for our products could harm our international and domestic sales and adversely affect our revenue.

Changes in trade policy in the United States and other countries, including changes in trade agreements and the imposition of tariffs and the resulting consequences, may have adverse impacts on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The current U.S. government administration is currently altering its approach to international trade policy, including through the potential termination of certain existing bilateral or multilateral trade agreements and treaties and the imposition of tariffs on a wide range of products and other goods from China, Canada, Mexico, and other countries in Europe and Asia. Given our manufacturing in some of those countries, and our lack of manufacturing elsewhere, policy changes in the United States or other countries, such as the tariffs already proposed, implemented and threatened, present particular risks for us. There are also risks associated with retaliatory tariffs and resulting trade wars. We cannot predict future trade policy, the terms of any renegotiated trade agreements or treaties, or tariffs and their impact on our business. To the extent that trade tariffs and other restrictions imposed by the United States or other countries increase the price of, or limit the amount of, our products or components or materials used in our products imported into the United States or other countries, or create adverse tax consequences, the sales, cost or gross margin of our products may be adversely affected and the demand from our customers for products and services may be diminished.

We collect, store, process and use portions of our customers’ personally identifiable information and other data, which subjects us to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, information security and data protection. Any cybersecurity breaches or our actual or perceived failure to comply with such legal obligations by us, or by our third-party service providers or partners, could harm our business.

While we take reasonable measures intended to protect the security, integrity and confidentiality of any personal information and other sensitive information we collect, store or transmit, we cannot guarantee that inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure will not occur, or that third parties will not gain unauthorized access to this information. While our privacy policies currently prohibit such activities, our third-party service providers or partners may engage in such activity without our knowledge or consent. If we or our third-party service providers were to experience a breach, disruption or failure of systems compromising our customers’ data, or if one of our third-party service providers or partners were to access our customers’ personal data without our authorization, our brand and reputation could be adversely affected, use of our products could decrease and we could be exposed to a risk of loss, litigation and regulatory proceedings.

Our products could infringe on the intellectual property rights of others.

Companies in the consumer electronics, wireless communications, semiconductor, IT and display industries steadfastly pursue and protect intellectual property rights, often times resulting in considerable and costly litigation to determine the validity of patents and claims by third parties of infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights. Our products could be found to infringe on the intellectual property rights of others. Other companies may hold or obtain patents or inventions or other proprietary rights in technology necessary for our business. Periodically, other companies inquire about our products and technology in their attempts to assess whether we violate their intellectual property rights. If we are forced to defend against infringement claims, we may face costly litigation, diversion of technical and management personnel, and product shipment delays, even if the allegations of infringement are unwarranted. If there is a successful claim of infringement against us and we are unable to develop non-infringing technology or license the infringed or similar technology on a timely basis, or if we are required to cease using one or more of our business or product names due to a successful trademark infringement claim against us, it could adversely affect our business.

Our intellectual property rights and proprietary rights may not adequately protect our products.

Our commercial success will depend substantially on our ability to obtain patents and other intellectual property rights and maintain adequate legal protection for our products in the United States and other countries. We will be able to protect our intellectual property from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that these assets are covered

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by valid and enforceable patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property rights, or are effectively maintained as trade secrets. As of the date of this filing, we have 306 issued U.S. and foreign patents and 202 pending U.S. and foreign patent applications. We apply for patents covering our products, services, technologies and designs, as we deem appropriate. We may fail to apply for patents on important products, services, technologies, processes or designs in a timely fashion, or at all. We do not know whether any of our patent applications will result in the issuance of any patents. Even if patents are issued, they may not be sufficient to protect our products, services, technologies, or designs. Our existing and future patents may not be sufficiently broad to prevent others from developing competing products, services technologies, or designs. Intellectual property protection and patent rights outside of the United States are even less predictable. As a result, the validity and enforceability of patents cannot be predicted with certainty.

We rely in part on unpatented proprietary technology, and others may independently develop the same or similar technology or otherwise obtain access to our unpatented technology. We require employees, contractors, consultants, advisors, suppliers and strategic partners to enter into confidentiality and intellectual property assignment agreements (as appropriate), but these agreements may not provide sufficient protection for our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information.

Item 1B.     Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

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Item 1C.      Cybersecurity

We maintain a cybersecurity risk management program designed to identify, assess, and manage risks from cybersecurity threats to our information technology systems, products, services, and supply chain. As a company that sells products and performs engineering services for defense applications, we recognize that our business may be subject to cybersecurity threats from a variety of threat actors, including those seeking unauthorized access to confidential, proprietary, classified, employee, customer, or third-party information, or attempting to disrupt our systems or the systems of our customers, suppliers, subcontractors, and other-third parties. Cybersecurity threats also include attempts to infiltrate our products or services, including attacks targeting the security, confidentiality, integrity and/or availability of the hardware, software and information installed, stored or transmitted in our products, including after the purchase of those products and when they are incorporated into third-party products, facilities, or infrastructure.

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Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our enterprise risk management processes and is designed to address risks associated with both our internal systems and our products and services, including risks that may arise after product delivery or when our products are incorporated into third-party systems or infrastructure.

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Board Oversight and Management’s Role

 Our Board of Directors has primary oversight responsibility for cybersecurity risks as part of its oversight of enterprise risk management. The Audit Committee considers cybersecurity risks in connection with its financial and compliance risk oversight responsibilities.

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Management is responsible for the day-to-day oversight and operation of the Company’s cybersecurity program. The CFO periodically reports to the Board of Directors regarding the status of the cybersecurity program and provides the Board with the results of periodic third-party assessments of the program. Cybersecurity risks are also included in the Company’s annual enterprise risk assessment presented to the Board of Directors.

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For more information on risks related to cybersecurity, see Item IA. "Risk Factors” of this Form 10-K.

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Item 2.     Properties

We lease approximately 39,000 square feet as our main facility at 25 Hendrix Road, West Henrietta, New York, 14586 (a suburb of Rochester). This facility houses our headquarters office, R&D and manufacturing space under an

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operating lease for the facility that we began occupying in October 2015. In October 2022, we leased an additional 12,000 square feet for our new waveguide manufacturing facility at 30 Becker Road, also in West Henrietta, New York. The total base rent contractual payment obligations under these operating leases are currently $675,000 per year. The lease at 25 Hendrix Road has an original five-year term with an option by the Company to renew for two additional three-year terms at pre-agreed lease rates. On September 23, 2025, the Company executed lease renewal agreements for both its current properties located in West Henrietta, New York extending the current lease terms to November 30, 2027. We believe that our West Henrietta facilities are in good operating condition and currently adequately serve our needs and expect to negotiate new lease renewals by November 30, 2027.

In April 2025, Vuzix leased a facility located in Milpitas, California upon the purchase of advanced waveguide R&D equipment operating in that space. The lease for this space is on a month-to-month basis at a cost of $35,000 per month.

In Okayama and Kyoto, Japan, we rent office space of 1,000 square feet and 100 square feet, respectively, at a cost of approximately $38,000 per year. These leases are on a month-to-month basis.

Item 3.     Legal Proceedings

We are involved in various lawsuits and claims arising in the ordinary course of business, including actions with respect to intellectual property, employment, and contractual matters. In connection with these matters, we assess, on a regular basis, the probability and range of possible loss based upon the developments in these matters. A liability is recorded in the consolidated financial statements if it is believed to be probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable and unfavorable resolutions could occur, assessing contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events. We regularly review outstanding legal matters to determine the adequacy of the liabilities accrued and related disclosures in consideration of many factors, which include, but are not limited to, past history, scientific and other evidence, and the specifics and status of each matter. We may change our estimates if our assessment of the various factors changes and the amount of ultimate loss may differ from our estimates, resulting in a material effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and/or cash flows. With respect to these matters, based upon management’s current knowledge, the Company believes that the amount or range of any reasonably possible loss, if any, will not, either individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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The Company is not currently party to, nor is its property subject to, any material legal proceedings.

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Item 4.     Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5.     Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “VUZI.”

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Holders of Record

As of March 12, 2026, there were 50 holders of record of our common stock. A substantially greater number of holders of the Company’s common stock are in “street name” or beneficial holders whose shares are held by banks, brokers and other financial institutions.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

We did not purchase equity securities that are registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act during the three months ended December 31, 2025.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Sales of Unregistered Securities - none

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Purchase of Equity Securities - none

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Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information about our equity compensation plan as of December 31, 2025.

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Item 6.  [Reserved]

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Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this annual report. In addition to historical information, the following discussion and analysis includes forward looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including those discussed in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this annual report. See the discussion under “Forward Looking Statements” beginning on page 1 of this annual report.

Overview

We are engaged in the design, manufacture, marketing and sale of augmented reality wearable display devices also referred to as head mounted displays (or HMDs, but also known as near-eye displays), in the form of Smart Glasses, AI powered Smart Glasses, Waveguides, and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies. Our wearable display devices are

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worn like eyeglasses or attach to a head worn mount. These devices typically include cameras, sensors, and a computer that enable the user to view, record and interact with video and digital content, such as computer data, the Internet, social media or entertainment applications. Our wearable display products integrate microdisplay technology with our advanced optics to produce compact high-resolution display engines, less than half an inch diagonally, which when viewed through our Smart Glasses products create virtual images that appear comparable in size to that of a computer monitor or a large-screen television.

With respect to our Smart Glasses and AI/AR products, we are focused on the enterprise, defense, medical, security, and select consumer applications. All of the mobile display and mobile electronics markets in which we compete have been subject to rapid technological change over the last decade including the rapid adoption of tablets, larger screen sizes and display resolutions along with declining prices on mobile phones and other computing devices, and as a result we must continue to improve our products’ performance and lower our costs. We believe our technology, intellectual property portfolio and position in the marketplace give us a leadership position in AI/AR and Smart Glasses products, waveguide optics, microLEDs and display engine technology.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Developments and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this annual report. The preparation of these statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the appropriate application of certain accounting policies, many of which require us to make estimates and assumptions about future events and their impact on amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements, including the statement of operations, balance sheet, cash flow and related notes. We continually evaluate our estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, including those related to valuation of inventories, going concern, variable interest entities, investments in equity securities, carrying value of long-lived assets, goodwill and other intangible assets, software development costs, revenue recognition, product warranty, valuation of stock-based compensation, and income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not apparent from other sources. Since we cannot determine future events and their impact with certainty, the actual results may differ from our estimates. Such differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements.

We believe that our application of accounting policies, and the estimates inherently required therein, are reasonable. We periodically re-evaluate these accounting policies and estimates and make adjustments when facts and circumstances dictate a change. Historically, we have found our application of accounting policies to be appropriate, and actual results have not differed materially from those determined using necessary estimates.

Our accounting policies are more fully described in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report on Form 10-K. The critical accounting policies, judgments and estimates that we believe have the most significant effect on our financial statements are:

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Valuation of Inventories

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a weighted average first-in, first-out method. Inventory includes purchased parts and components, work-in-process and finished goods. Provisions for excess, obsolete or slow-moving inventory are recorded after periodic evaluation of historical sales, current economic trends, forecasted sales, estimated product life cycles and estimated inventory levels. Purchasing practices, electronic component obsolescence, accuracy of sales and production forecasts, introduction of new products, product life cycles, product support and foreign regulations governing hazardous materials are factors that contribute to inventory valuation risks. Exposure to inventory valuation risks is managed by maintaining safety stocks, minimum purchase lots, managing product and end-of-life issues brought on by aging components or new product introductions, and by utilizing certain inventory minimization strategies such as vendor-managed inventories. The accounting estimate related to the valuation of inventories is considered a “critical accounting estimate” because it is susceptible to changes from period-to-period due to the requirement for management to make estimates relative to each of the underlying factors, ranging from purchasing to sales, production, and after-sale support. If actual demand, market conditions or product life cycles differ from estimates, inventory adjustments to net realizable values could result in a reduction to the carrying value of inventory, an increase in inventory write-offs and a decrease to gross margins.

The increase to our obsolescence provision for finished goods and components totaled $503,400, $4,167,917, and $4,358,062 for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. These additional obsolescence provisions are included in Cost of Sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Going Concern

For all annual and interim periods, management assesses our going concern uncertainty in our consolidated financial statements to determine whether there is sufficient cash on hand and working capital, including available borrowings on loans, to operate for a period of at least one year from the date the consolidated financial statements are issued or available to be issued, which is referred to as the “look-forward period”, as defined in U.S. GAAP. As part of this assessment, based on conditions that are known and reasonably knowable to management, management will consider various scenarios, forecasts, projections, estimates and will make certain key assumptions. These assumptions include, among other factors, the expected timing and nature of our programs and projected cash expenditures, our ability to delay or curtail these expenditures or programs and our ability to raise additional capital, if necessary, to the extent management has the proper authority to execute them and considers it probable that those implementations can be achieved within the look-forward period.

In accordance with ASC Subtopic 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements — Going Concern, management is required to evaluate whether conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The going concern assumption underlies all U.S. GAAP financial reporting and presumes that the Company will continue normal business operations into the foreseeable future, unless such conditions or events raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. 

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The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. This basis of accounting contemplates the recovery of our assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to the specific amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities, which might be necessary should we be unable to continue

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as a going concern. The Company incurred net losses for the year ended December 31, 2025 of $32,273,128; $73,538,157 for the year ended December 31, 2024; and $50,149,077 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company had net cash outflows from operations of $18,789,272 for the year ended December 31, 2025; $23,739,372 for the year ended December 31, 2024; and $26,277,824 for the year ended December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $399,858,410.

The ongoing losses and accumulated deficit initially raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans to alleviate the conditions that raise substantial doubt include operational improvements being implemented and the curtailment of certain development programs, both of which the Company expects will preserve cash.

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Evaluation of Liabilities, Equity and Derivatives

The Company evaluates whether financial instruments issued by the Company should be classified as liabilities, mezzanine equity, or permanent equity and whether such instruments contain features that meet the definition of a derivative. This evaluation requires judgment and consideration of the instrument’s contractual terms and applicable accounting guidance, including an assessment of redemption features and settlement provisions.

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Instruments classified as liabilities are recorded at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Mezzanine equity is initially recorded at issuance date fair value and subsequently adjusted to its redemption value when it is probable that the instrument will become redeemable. Instruments classified as equity are not subsequently remeasured. Changes in these classifications or valuations could materially affect the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

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Variable Interest Entities

We determine at the inception of each arrangement whether an entity in which we have made an investment or in which we have other variable interests is considered a variable interest entity (VIE). We consolidate VIEs when we are the primary beneficiary. We are the primary beneficiary of a VIE when we have the power to direct activities that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE and have the obligation to absorb the majority of their losses or benefits. If we are not the primary beneficiary in a VIE, we account for the investment or other variable interests in a VIE in accordance with other applicable GAAP. During each reporting period, we assess whether any changes in our interest or relationship with the entity affect our determination of whether the entity is a VIE and, if so, whether we are the primary beneficiary.

Investments in Equity Investments

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Investments in equity securities with a readily determinable fair value, not accounted for under the equity method, are recorded at that value with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings. For equity securities without a readily determinable fair value, the investment is recorded at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus adjustments related to observable transactions for the same or similar securities, with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had $300,000 and $650,000 of investments in equity securities. For the year ended December 31, 2025, we recorded an impairment loss of $400,000 on these investments.

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Carrying Value of Long-Lived Assets, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

If facts and circumstances indicate that a long-lived asset, including a products’ mold tooling and equipment, may be impaired, the carrying value is reviewed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 360-10 Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. If this review indicates that the carrying value of the asset will not be recovered as determined based on projected undiscounted cash flows related to the asset over its remaining life, the carrying value of the asset is reduced to its estimated fair value. Impairment losses are dependent on a number of factors such as general economic trends and major technology advances, and thus could be significantly different from historical results. For the years ending December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no indicators of impairment present. For the years

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ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, we recorded a loss on fixed asset disposal of $106,898, $27,654, and nil, respectively, upon the retirement of certain tooling and manufacturing equipment assets no longer in use.

We perform an evaluation of our patents and trademark assets when events or circumstances indicate their carrying amounts may be unrecoverable. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 there were nil in impairment charges and for the year ended December 31, 2023 there was an impairment charge of $41,869 to patents and trademarks. The carrying value of the remaining intellectual property, such as patents and trademarks, was valued (net of accumulated amortization) at $3,359,066 as of December 31, 2025, because management believes that this value is recoverable.

We perform an evaluation of our goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate a potential impairment trigger. For the year ending December 31, 2024, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $30,301,355 for the unamortized technology license and equity investment in Atomistic. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $2,136,993 for the unamortized intangible assets and goodwill regarding its previous acquisition of Moviynt.

Software Development Costs

The Company capitalizes the costs of obtaining and developing its software once technological feasibility has been determined by management or of purchased software solutions when placed into service. Such costs are accumulated and capitalized. These projects could take several years to complete. The capitalized costs are then amortized over three years on a straight-line basis. Unsuccessful or discontinued software projects are written off and expensed in the fiscal period where the application is abandoned or discontinued. The unamortized software development costs remaining were valued (net of accumulated amortization) at $27,778 as of December 31, 2025. Management believes that this value is recoverable.

Revenue Recognition

The Company adopted the guidance under FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as of January 1, 2018. Product sales represent the majority of the Company’s revenue. The Company recognizes revenue from these product sales as performance obligations are satisfied and transfer of control to the customer has occurred. Revenue is recognized in the amount that the Company expects to receive in exchange for the sale of our products. FOB shipping point is our standard shipping term and revenue is recognized as our products ship to customers, as control is transferred at that time. All of our standard product sales include a 30-day money back guarantee and expected returns are estimated at each reporting period date and a portion of revenue is deferred for all estimated returns. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, deferred revenue associated with our expected returns was immaterial. The Company collects and remits sales taxes in certain jurisdictions and reports revenue net of any associated sales taxes.

Revenue from engineering consulting and other services is recognized at the time the services are rendered. The Company accounts for its longer-term development contracts, which to date have all been firm fixed-priced contracts, on the percentage-of-completion method, whereby income is recognized as work on contracts progresses, but estimated losses on contracts in progress are charged to operations immediately. The percentage-of-completion is determined using the cost-to-cost method. To date, all such contracts have been less than one calendar year in duration.

Product Warranty

Warranty obligations are generally incurred in connection with the sale of our products. The warranty period for these products is generally one year and up to eighteen (18) months for certain distributors. Customers may also purchase an additional twelve (12) month extended warranty. Warranty costs are accrued, to the extent that they are not recoverable from third-party manufacturers, for the estimated cost to repair or replace products for the balance of the warranty periods. We provide for the costs of expected future warranty claims at the time of product shipment or over-builds to cover replacements. The adequacy of the provision is assessed at each quarter end and is based on historical experience and projected factors of warranty claims and costs. The costs incurred to provide for these warranty obligations are estimated and recorded as an accrued liability at the time of sale. Future warranty costs are estimated

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based on historical performance rates and related costs to repair given products. The accounting estimate related to product warranty is considered a “critical accounting estimate” because judgment is exercised in determining future estimated warranty costs. Should actual performance rates or repair costs differ from estimates, revision to the estimated warranty liability would be required. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were $55,637 and $46,078 in accrued warranty obligations.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Our Board of Directors approves grants of stock awards, including restricted stock units (“RSUs) and performance stock units (“PSUs”) and options to employees and independent directors to purchase our common stock. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded based upon the estimated fair value of the stock option or stock award at the date of grant. The Company uses the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted pursuant to ASC Topic 718. The application of this pricing model involves assumptions that are judgmental and sensitive in the determination of compensation expense. The fair value of our common stock, including PSUs and RSUs, on the date of each equity grant is determined based on the most recent quoted sales price on our primary trading stock exchange, currently the NASDAQ Capital Market. For PSUs, the determination of the probabilities of the underlying performance targets being achievable is judgmental and affects the amount compensation expense recognized. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, the Company recorded total stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, stock awards, RSUs and PSUs but excluding awards under the Company’s former LTIP of $4,149,950, $5,928,198, and $4,566,253, respectively.

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Income Taxes

We have historically incurred operating losses from both a financial reporting and tax return standpoint. We provide deferred income tax assets and liabilities based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial and tax bases of assets and liabilities based upon currently enacted tax laws. Any future recorded value of our deferred tax assets will be dependent upon our ability to generate taxable income in the jurisdictions in which we operate. These assets consist primarily of credit carryforwards and net operating loss carryforwards and the future tax effects of temporary differences between balances recorded for financial statement purposes and for tax return purposes. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets in amounts for which realization is not considered more likely than not to occur. The accounting estimate related to income taxes is considered a “critical accounting estimate” because judgment is exercised in estimating future taxable income, including prudent and feasible tax planning strategies, and in assessing the need for any valuation allowance. To date, we have determined a 100% valuation allowance is required and accordingly no deferred tax asset has been reflected in our consolidated financial statements. In the event that we determine that all or part of a deferred tax asset in the future is more likely than not to be realized, an adjustment (reduction) of the valuation allowance would increase income to be recognized in the period such determination was made.

In addition, the calculation of our deferred taxes involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. As a result, we recognize liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on the two-step process prescribed by GAAP. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step requires us to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. It is inherently difficult and subjective to estimate such amounts, as this requires us to determine the probability of various possible outcomes. We re-evaluate these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis based upon factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, effectively settled issues under audit and new audit activity. Such a change in recognition or measurement would result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision in the period. The Company currently has no uncertain tax positions.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material effect on our financial condition, financial statements, revenues or expenses.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 1

Results of Operations for Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024

The following table compares the Company’s consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

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Sales.   There was an increase in total sales for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 2024 of $526,055, or 9%. The following table reflects the major components of our sales:

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Sales of products increased by 4% for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 2024. Increased smart glasses revenue was the primary driver of this increase as unit sales of our M400 product increased compared to the previous year.

Sales of engineering services and OEM products for the year ended December 31, 2025, were $1,603,979, as compared to $1,267,354 in 2024, an increase of 27%.

Cost of Sales and Gross Loss.  Cost of product revenues and engineering services are comprised of materials, components, labor, warranty costs, freight costs, manufacturing overhead, software royalties, the depreciation for our tooling and manufacturing equipment, and amortization of software development costs related to the production of our products and the rendering of engineering services. The following table reflects the components of our cost of sales:

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For the year ended December 31, 2025, there was a gross loss from total sales of $1,062,394, or 17% of total sales as compared to a gross loss of $5,599,670, or 97% in 2024.

In addition to its normal Reserve for Obsolescence provision, the Company reserved as of December 31, 2025 additional provisions for expected surplus component parts and obsolescence in excess of its currently planned existing product builds in 2026 on most of its existing smart glass product models in anticipation of the planned introduction of newer models, which would logically replace the existing models when introduced. The disposal value of the excess components that could not be used in future models is unknown, so a 100% obsolescence provision has been accrued. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded an additional obsolescence provision for gross inventory of $503,400 and converted into finished goods or physically disposed of $2,379,787 of inventory that was fully provisioned for in the previous year. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded an obsolescence provision for gross inventory of $4,167,917 and disposed of $1,998,893 of inventory that was fully provisioned for.

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Unapplied manufacturing overhead costs, not already added into product cost of sales, increased by $101,456, or 5% for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to 2024. However, it decreased as a percentage of total sales to 35% compared to 37% in 2024 due to increased product revenue. The increase in the net dollar amount of these unapplied overhead costs in the current period versus the prior period was primarily driven by a further decrease in actual production levels during the 2025 period compared to the same period in 2024, as the Company has sufficient finished goods on hand to meet currently expected demand for current Smart Glasses models for the foreseeable future.

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Depreciation and Amortization expense, not included in cost of sales or research and development, decreased by $56,525 or 8% for the year ended December 31, 2025 versus 2024.

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Research and Development.   Our research and development expenses consist primarily of compensation costs for personnel, including non-cash stock-based compensation expenses, third-party services, purchases of research supplies and materials, and consulting fees related to research and development. Software development expenses to determine technical feasibility before final development and ongoing maintenance are not capitalized and are included in research and development expenses.

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Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased by $2,999,104, or 31% compared to 2024. This increase was largely due to a $2,551,651 increase in external development costs on our new LX1 smart glasses, which we did not begin selling until early 2026, and waveguide products; a $668,291 increase of depreciation related to under-utilized new manufacturing equipment still being optimized and placed into service, which were still being built in the comparable period; a $354,544 increase in rent utilities expenses related to our new California-based waveguide research and development facility that first opened in spring of 2026; a $170,165 increase in salary and benefits related expenses; a $92,997 increase in recruiting expenses; and a $67,502 increase in travel expenses; partially offset by a $935,013 decrease in non-cash stock-based compensation expense.

Selling and Marketing.    Selling and marketing expenses consist of trade show costs, advertising, sales samples, travel costs, sales staff compensation costs including stock-based compensation expense, consulting fees, public relations agency fees, website costs and sales commissions paid to full-time staff and outside consultants.

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