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CMV Overview
▪ CMV is a member of the herpes virus family and the 
largest among known human viruses
▪ Once infected, an individual carries the virus for life, 
typically in a latent state
— Prevalence of infection is strongly correlated with age
— CDC estimates 50-80% infected with CMV by age 40
▪ CMV can lead to severe disease and increased mortality 
in immunocompromised individuals
— High risk individuals include HSCT and SOT recipients, 
as well as developing fetus or newborn children
— CMV infection can predispose patients to transplant 
rejection/failure, CMV-related infections, other 
opportunistic infections, and increased mortality risk
— Most common infectious complication in HSCT & SOT
▪ Current Standard of Care: moderately effective antivirals, 
often associated with toxicity, resistance, delayed 
immune reconstitution, late CMV and/or extended dosing
— No approved vaccine for CMV prevention or control 
▪ Helocyte currently progressing novel biologic (Triplex)
— Induces CMV-specific T cell immunity to control 
reactivation in post-transplant (HSCT, SOT)
▪ Triplex Advantages vs. SoC Antivirals: safety, immune 
reconstitution, dosing, and no likelihood of resistance
CMV infection is ubiquitous and usually benign, but is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients 
CMV Overview Effects of CMV
CMV is easily 
transmitted and is 
associated with a life-
long latency…
…with the ability to 
become active 
(reactivation) in those 
with weakened 
immune systems…
…and progress to CMV 
disease and create 
significant risk for 
morbidity and 
mortality
Direct 
Effects 
▪ Direct clinical effects include CMV viral 
syndrome and end-organ disease
▪ CMV disease: pneumonitis, 
gastrointestinal disease, hepatitis, 
pancreatitis, nephritis, cystitis, 
myocarditis, retinitis, CNS diseases, 
thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, 
adrenalitis, disseminated disease
▪ Indirect effects include opportunistic 
infections:
— Caused by bacteria, fungi or other 
virus
— More commonly, it is these indirect 
effects that contribute to mortality 
with CMV infection
Indirect 
Effects 
CMV in Hematopoietic Stem Cell  & Solid Organ Transplantation
▪ CMV syndrome
▪ Tissue-invasive CMV/end-organ disease 
(GI tract most common)
▪ Include graft rejection, graft failure, 
opportunistic infections, atherosclerosis 
and heart disease, obliterative 
bronchiolitis, new onset diabetes, lung 
transplantation, higher mortality